“Unfinished” Symphony, Winterreise, String Quintet in C major
Frédéric Chopin
1810 – 1849
Nocturnes, Ballade No. 1, Heroic Polonaise
Richard Wagner
1813 – 1883
The Ring of the Nibelung, Tristan und Isolde, Parsifal
Post-Romanticism / Impressionism
Claude Debussy
1862 – 1918
La Mer, Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune, Clair de lune
Maurice Ravel
1875 – 1937
Boléro, Daphnis et Chloé, Pavane for a Dead Princess
Gustav Mahler
1860 – 1911
Symphony No. 2, Das Lied von der Erde, Symphony No. 5
20th Century
Igor Stravinsky
1882 – 1971
The Rite of Spring, Petrushka, The Firebird
Arnold Schoenberg
1874 – 1951
Pierrot Lunaire, Verklärte Nacht, Suite for Piano Op. 25
Dmitri Shostakovich
1906 – 1975
Symphony No. 5, String Quartet No. 8, Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk
21st Century / Contemporary
John Adams
1947 –
Harmonielehre, Nixon in China, Shaker Loops
Arvo Pärt
1935 –
Spiegel im Spiegel, Tabula Rasa, Te Deum
Kaija Saariaho
1952 – 2023
L’Amour de loin, Graal Théâtre, Lonh
The table presents key composers, accompanied by their dates of birth and death, allowing each work to be placed within its historical, social, and stylistic context. In addition, it includes three emblematic works per composer, selected for their canonical relevance, historical impact, and lasting performance significance.
From the vocal polyphony of the Renaissance, through the formal development of the Baroque and Classical periods, to the expressive expansion of Romanticism and the aesthetic ruptures of the 20th and 21st centuries, the table shows how music reflects cultural, philosophical, and technical changes over time.
