JOSEPH HAYDN (English) Joseph Haydn was born on March 31, 1732, in Rohrau, Austria, near the Hungarian border. His family background was modest, yet culturally active. Early folk traditions…

GUSTAV MAHLER (English) Gustav Mahler was born on July 7, 1860, in Kaliště, Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire. He grew up in Jihlava, a multilingual town whose…

MAURICE RAVEL (English) MAURICE RAVEL was born on March 7, 1875, in Ciboure, France, near the Spanish border. His multicultural environment shaped a refined artistic sensibility early. His father,…

JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (English) Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 31, 1685, in Eisenach, Germany, into a distoried musical family. His early exposure to music shaped his artistic foundation. Moreover, his father…

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (English) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg. His father, Leopold Mozart, guided his musical training from an early age. Moreover, the…